Track: Basic Science

Abstract:

Background: Alopecia is generally classified into two main types: scarring (cicatricial) and non-scarring. Making an accurate distinction between the two is essential, as it directly affects treatment choices and long-term outcomes. While histopathology is the diagnostic gold standard, immunohistochemical markers such as Ki67 (reflects cellular proliferation) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, involved in angiogenesis) could provide valuable insights into disease pathophysiology and enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Therefore, present study compared the expression of Ki67 and VEGF in scarring and non-scarring alopecia and evaluated their potential as supportive markers in distinguishing between these two forms of hair loss.

Design: This study included 40 scalp biopsy samples comprising 20 cases each of scarring alopecia and non-scarring alopecia. Sections were subjected to routine H & E staining followed by IHC staining for Ki67 and VEGF. Ki67 positivity was assessed in the follicular matrix and bulge regions while VEGF expression was evaluated in perifollicular vessels and follicular epithelium. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used and results were statistically analyzed.

Result: Higher Ki67 and VEGF expression in non-scarring alopecia indicates ongoing follicular activity and angiogenesis unlike the reduced expression seen in scarring alopecia where follicles are permanently damaged.

Conclusion: Ki67 and VEGF show distinct expression patterns in scarring versus non-scarring alopecia and may serve as helpful adjuncts in histological diagnosis. Their use could enhance diagnostic confidence and potentially guide therapeutic strategies.

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Ritu Nain